Knossos Palace And Mycenaean Citadel Essay Example for Free

Knossos Palace And Mycenaean Citadel Essay Knossos palace has a complex but interesting layout. Its confusing mazelike structure was built intended to elaborate both its religious and magical significance during the ancient Roman period. There were more than 1000 compartments scattered in the whole palace and each of which were designated for certain functional purposes. All those rooms of varying sizes are directly connected to the main hallways. In the palace, there were one big theatre; several store rooms containing containers of grains, beans, dried fish and other basic necessities. Also the water system inside the palace is well-planned to adequately supply water in the whole five-story palace as well as its drainage. During the time, Knossos Palace was a one of a kind architectural design, which drew much attention from the dwellers. Mycenaean Citadel on the other hand is the evidence of a stronghold civilization because of its high walled structure made from huge stones. These massive walls were designed for defensive purposes against any foreign invasion. The road leading to the gate of Mycenae meets the two sculpted lion figures above the entrance of the wall. It is called the Lion Gate. This was thought to be the symbol of the ruling family of Mycenae. There were several stages in the construction of the wall, initially front the palace area, extending to the gate then to the burial area or the grave circle. Within the walls there were busy roads, residential houses and other buildings, however there water stairways from the spring were well-preserved over time to provide enough water supply for the Mycenaean people. There were also other houses outside the walls. In addition, there were beehive-shaped coffins scattered in the area. Works Cited MacKendrick, Paul, et. al. The Greek Stones Speak. New York: W. W. Norton Company, Incorporated. 1983.a

Old Man and the Sea Concludes with Santiagos Death Essay examples -- e

Old Man and the Sea Essay It is believable that Santiago is dead at the end of The Old Man and the Sea. This conclusion can be deduced from the various hints Hemingway used throughout the novel. The foreshadowing of Santiago’s death, his comparison to Christ, and his bad luck helps one decipher that the death of the old man took place at the end of the book. First, something that leads the reader to believe that Santiago is dead at the end of the book is foreshadowing. One event that foreshadowed Santiago’s death was the death of the marlin. The fish and the old man displayed similar qualities of strength, bravery and determination. For instance, the old man surpassed his natural limits by staying far out at sea, while the fish exceeded its own boundaries by leading Santiago out for eighty-seven days. Besides these similar characteristics, Santiago felt that the marlin and he had a close relationship, as shown in the following quote: â€Å"Then he was sorry for the great fish †¦It is enough to live on the sea and kill our true brothers (75)†. Santiago’s similarity to the fish a...

Can and Should Culture Be Managed Essay

Organizational culture is defined as collective behavior that consists of artifacts, exposed values and basic assumptions (Schein 1997). From this definition, three levels of organizational culture are derived. The first level is artifacts or tangible elements to the organization which comprises of the architecture, technology, products, furniture, style, dress code and language. It is recognizable when visibly observed but does not reflect the organizational culture. The second level is in the exposed values or beliefs that employees express in organization which includes the mission statement, customer service and loyalty. This behavior can be studied by using surveys and discussion to gather attitudes of the organizations’ members. The third level is the basic assumption which is the most important level as it shapes the organization’s view and decision making. The norms or the unspoken rule exists without the awareness of the members which cannot be observed or surveyed and therefore it is difficult to draw out this characteristic By understanding the definition of culture, there are two sides of the argument on whether the culture can be managed (mainstream perspective) and whether culture is something that an organization is that cannot be managed (critical alternative). (Brewis, J ch. 9). In the mainstream perspective it shows that the management is able to change its culture, which often referred to as cultural engineering (Jackson and Carter, 2000, p. 27-28) and a clear example is shown in the case study of British Airways, 1982-1996 (Brewis, J ch. 9 p349). The merged between British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways (BEA) caused a clash of culture and internal conflicts. The BOAC offers services for higher class passengers whereas BEA is for lower class passengers i. e. Tradesmen. Due to the clash of different classes of services, there is an internal conflict in the management culture which resulted disastrously and sales are declined.

What Is a Pocket Veto

A pocket veto occurs when the president of the United States fails to sign a piece of legislation, either intentionally or unintentionally, while Congress is adjourned and unable to override a veto. Pocket vetoes are fairly common and have been used by almost every president since James  Madison first used it first in 1812. Pocket Veto Definition Here is the official definition from the U.S. Senate: The Constitution grants the president 10 days to review a measure passed by the Congress. If the president has not signed the bill after 10 days, it becomes law without his signature. However, if Congress adjourns during the 10-day period, the bill does not become law. The presidents inaction on the legislation, while Congress is adjourned, represents a pocket veto. Presidents Who Have Used the Pocket Veto Modern presidents who have used the pocket veto - or at least a hybrid version of the pocket veto - include Presidents Barack Obama, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter.   Primary Different Between a Regular Veto and a Pocket Veto The primary difference between a signed veto and a pocket veto is that a pocket veto cannot be overridden by Congress because the House and Senate are, by the nature of this constitutional mechanism, not in session and therefore unable to act on the rejection of their legislation. Purpose of the Pocket Veto So why does there need to be a pocket veto if the president already has veto power? Author Robert J. Spitzer explains in The Presidential Veto:   The pocket veto represents an anomaly, as it is a kind of power the founders flatly rejected. Its presence in the Constitution is explainable only as a presidential defense against abrupt, untimely congressional adjournment aimed at thwarting the presidents ability to exercise the regular veto power. What the Constitution Says The U.S. Constitution provides for the pocket veto in Article I, Section 7, which states: If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, In other words, according to House of Representatives archives: The pocket veto is an absolute veto that cannot be overridden. The veto becomes effective when the President fails to sign a bill after Congress has adjourned and is unable to override the veto. Controversy Over the Pocket Veto There is no dispute that the president is granted to the power of the pocket veto in the Constitution. But it is unclear exactly when the president is able to use the tool. During the adjournment of Congress after one session ends and a new session is about to begin with newly elected members, whats known as the sine die? During routine adjournments in a session? There is an ambiguity as to which kinds of adjournments the clause covers, wrote David F. Forte, a professor of law at Cleveland-Marshall College of Law. Some critics argue the pocket veto should be used only when Congress adjourns sine die. Just as the President is not permitted to veto a law simply by not signing it, so should he not be permitted to veto a law simply because Congress has recessed for a few days, wrote Forte of those critics. Nonetheless, presidents have been able to use the pocket veto regardless of when and how Congress adjourns. Hybrid Veto Theres also something called the pocket-and-return veto in which the president uses both the traditional method of sending the bill back to Congress after effectively issuing a pocket veto. There have been more than a dozen of these hybrid vetoes issued by presidents of both parties. Obama has said he did both to leave no doubt that the resolution is being vetoed.   But political scientists claim theres nothing in the U.S. Constitution that provides for such a mechanism. The Constitution gives the president two opposing choices. One is the pocket veto, the other is the regular veto. It offers no provision for combining the two somehow. Its a perfectly ludicrous proposition, Robert Spitzer, an expert on the veto and a political scientist at the State University of New York College at Cortland, told USA Today. Its a back-door way to expand the veto power contrary to the terms of the constitution.